松木颗粒热解与高温蒸汽气化半焦产率及形貌特征分析

以成型松木颗粒为原料，进行低温热解，研究了热解温度和升温速率对生成的松木半焦产率及官能团的影响。以试验得到的松木半焦进行蒸汽气化试验，对比分析了温度对半焦重整气化形貌特征、比表面积和平均孔径的影响。研究表明：随着热解温度升高，松木半焦脂肪族结构峰消失转化为烃等小分子物质及气化气，进而降低半焦产率。升温速率升高，半焦产率呈先下降后升高的趋势，在800℃升温速率为30K/min时半焦产率最低。不同温度热解和蒸汽气化对比试验表明，温度相对较低时（500℃）热解和蒸汽气化半焦孔隙结构相近，随着温度的升高，蒸汽气化半焦结构发生明显变化，900°C时出现了更小的孔道结构且比表面积增加明显。蒸汽引入使松木半焦和水蒸气发生热解反应的同时发生了脱氢反应，气化半焦形貌出现熔融和烧结现象。     

Size and morphology-controlled synthesis of mesoporous hydroxyapatite nanocrystals by microwave-assisted hydrothermal method

We report the rapid microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis of mesoporous hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanocrystals with controlled size, morphology, and surface area using various organic modifiers as regulators. The products were analyzed for their crystalline nature, phase purity, morphology, particle size and pore size distribution. Results indicated that ascorbic acid, cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) play an important role to obtain needle like, rod like and fiber like mesoporous HAp nanocrystals with different specific surface area by controlling growth habit of HAp along c-axis. In addition, the prepared samples were B-type carbonated HAp similar to bone minerals. Therefore, the present approach can be a promising way to obtain precursor for making tissue engineering scaffolds, drug/protein delivery carriers and bone fillers with tunable characteristics.     

飞机机械成品试验信息管理系统设计与应用

分析了航空企业飞机机械成品试验的现状,结合企业信息化管理的发展趋势,对飞机机械成品试验的流程进行梳理,基于ASP.NET技术研究开发了某企业飞机机械成品试验数据收集及信息管理系统,以实现飞机机械成品试验的流程化、数字化及显性化管理,避免因试验台管理不善造成的质量问题,实时掌握试验台状态,促进形成自主管理模式。     

厚煤层一次采全高煤壁失稳原因及控制技术

针对成庄煤矿四盘区层一次采全高煤壁失稳问题,对观测统计数据进行分析,发现片帮主要表现形式分五种:顶部、腰部、顶底部、底部以及斜切片帮,据此采用对顶板超前预爆破和煤壁超前预加固技术来控制大采高煤壁稳定性,不仅对煤壁失稳的控制取得了良好的效果,而且经济效益显著。可为相似条件下的厚煤层一次采全高煤壁失稳控制提供借鉴。     

Isolation,purification, and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Ziziphus Jujuba cv. Muzao

In the present study, crude polysaccharides from Ziziphus Jujuba cv. Muzao were isolated and purified using DEAE cellulose-52 and Sephadex G-100 size-exclusion chromatography; four fractions were collected, namely GZMP-1, GZMP-2, GZMP-3, and GZMP-4. The molecular weights of these four fractions were measured to be 111.2, 95.1, 84.2, and 571.4 kDa, respectively, using high-performance gel permeation chromatography. Gas chromatography analysis of the monosaccharide composition confirmed that GZMP-1 was composed of rhamnose, arabinose, glucose, and galactose. Rhamnose, arabinose, and galactose were the main components present in GZMP-2 and GZMP-3, whereas GZMP-4 was composed of only rhamnose and arabinose. Scanning electron microscopy showed relatively smooth surfaces for GZMP-1 and GZMP-4, whereas GZMP-2 and GZMP-3 had more folds on their surfaces. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses indicated that GZMP-1 and ZMP mainly had α-type glycosidic linkages. The in vitro antioxidant activities of the polysaccharides revealed that jujube polysaccharides exhibit remarkable antioxidant activity, and can scavenge DPPH radical and OH radical in a concentration-dependent manner. The results of this work suggest that polysaccharides from Z. Jujuba cv. Muzao have potential to be used as functional food and in the development of natural antioxidant drug carriers.     

Reservoir characterization and volumetric estimation of Orok Field,Niger Delta hydrocarbon province

Geophysical analysis was undertaken on the available suit of well logs, 3D seismic and checkshot data from the field in a view to carrying out reservoir characterization and volumetric estimation of Orok Field Niger Delta Province. Lithology delineation and Petrophysical evaluation including porosity, water saturation and net-to-gross were undertaken. Well to seismic tie, structural interpretation and horizon mapping were carried out. Time and depth maps were generated and volumetric estimation of the reservoirs were carried out. Four gas-bearing reservoir (A001, B001, C001 and D001) of variable thickness and depth from the subsurface were identified. Their effective porosity ranges from 19% for A001, 20% for B001, 20% for C002 and 18% for the basal D001 respectively. Water saturation estimated from the reservoir sands ranges from 23% for A001, B001 20%, C001 12% and 10% for D001. The hydrocarbon saturation of the reservoirs stood at 77%, 80%, 82%, 90% for A001, B001, C001 and D001 respectively. Only sand A001 and sand B001 had good seismic tie and were able to be mapped through the seismic. Three synthetic structural building listric faults were interpreted across the inlines intercepting the top of reservoir Sand A001 and B001. The volumetric estimation reveals that A001 and B001 have an area of 813.708 acres and 813.693 acres and volume of 151?billion cu.ft and 286?billion cu.ft of gas respectively. Three synthetic structural building listric faults (F1, F2 and F3) intercept the top of sandstones A001 and B001. The structural trapping mechanism in both sandstones resulted from synthetic fault assisting structures i.e rollover anticlines. The modeled faults trends approximately northwest to southeast direction and dip in the southwest direction.     

以风化煤为底物制取生物甲烷的潜力分析

我国拥有丰富的风化煤储量,因其高度被氧化的独特性质,可应用的领域极为有限,目前主要被作为改善土壤性质的肥料和制取腐殖酸的来源。以风化煤为底物制取生物甲烷是一种具有探索性的全新生物发酵工艺,探究其可行性及模拟实验过程中风化煤的物性特征变化有利于拓宽风化煤的资源利用和环境改善,并可以进一步丰富煤生物产气理论。实验选取内蒙古乌海和山西晋城两地不同风化程度煤样,以煤层矿井水为菌种来源,在适宜环境条件下开展模拟产气实验,通过生物产气模拟和红外光谱测试,分析不同风化程度煤的生物产气能力及其内在因素,以揭示其产气潜力及物性变化特征。结果表明:①随着煤的风化程度加深,可燃基CH 4产气量明显增加,两组煤样中可燃基CH 4生成量最高分别达到7.13,4.20 mL/g;②不同风化程度的煤样均出现了产气高峰,时间基本都出现在15~30 d,各组中随着煤样风化程度不断加深,产气高峰出现时间也越来越早;③随着煤的风化程度加深,煤中芳环被不断打开,大分子结构被破坏,同时煤中羟基、氨基等基团含量趋于降低,脂碳结构逐渐解体,含氧官能团成为主要结构,氧含量比例不断增高,更容易被微生物降解;④菌群鉴定表明风化煤不仅含有大量产生生物气所需的第1阶段和第2阶段细菌,更含有甲烷杆菌属、甲烷球菌属等多种类型的产甲烷菌群,具有把风化煤转化为生物甲烷的环境条件。实验结果最终反映了风化煤具有转化为生物甲烷的潜力,并有利于提高我国风化煤的资源利用率。     

Transformation of the reabsorption characteristics of lignite treated by low and high temperature drying process

Abstract

The reabsorption characteristics of the lignite treated by low and high temperature drying process were addressed in the paper. The information about the moisture form, functional groups, effective water-filled porosities and equilibrium moisture content of the lignite before and after the drying process was investigated using Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and a self-made reabsorption device, respectively. The results show that the low drying temperature (140, 190, 230?°C, 10?min, N₂) has little impact on the effective water-filled porosities of the resulted samples, whereas it has a great influence on the main oxygen-containing functional groups, which amount firstly decreases and then increases with the drying temperature increasing. In the case of the lignite samples dried under high-temperature (600, 700, 800?°C, 30?s, N₂), the amount of the effective water-filled porosity of the sample decreases and the amount of oxygen-containing functional groups increases as the temperature increasing. The reabsorption capability of the high temperature dried sample is much lower than that of the sample treated under low drying temperature. The reabsorption characteristics of the low-temperature dried samples are affected by the amount of the oxygen-containing functional groups, while the effective water-filled porosity is main factor for the lignite samples derived from high temperature drying process. Moreover, the work gives a good evidence that the high-temperature drying process is an effective choose for lignite upgrading.     

Thermal and transport properties of as-grown Ni-rich TiNi shape memory alloys

Electrical resistivity, Seebeck coefficient, specific heat and thermal conductivity measurements on the Ti_50−xNi_50+x (x = 0.0–1.6 at.%) shape memory alloys are performed to investigate their thermal and transport properties. In this study, anomalous features are observed in both cooling and heating cycles in all measured physical properties of the slightly Ni-rich TiNi alloys (x ≤ 1.0), corresponds to the transformation between the B19′ martensite and B2 austenite phases. Besides, the transition temperature is found to decrease gradually with increasing Ni content, and the driving force for the transition is also found to diminish slowly with the addition of excess Ni, as revealed by specific heat measurements. While the signature of martensitic transformation vanishes for the Ni-rich TiNi alloys with x ≥ 1.3, the characteristics of strain glass transition start to appear. The Seebeck coefficients of these TiNi alloys were found to be positive, suggesting the hole-type carriers dominate the thermoelectric transport. From the high-temperature Seebeck coefficients, the estimated value of Fermi energy ranges from ∼1.5 eV (Ti_48.4Ni_51.6) to ∼2.1 eV (Ti₅₀Ni₅₀), indicating the metallic nature of these alloys. In addition, the thermal conductivity of the slightly Ni-rich TiNi alloys with x ≤ 1.0 shows a distinct anomalous feature at the B19′ → B2 transition, likely due to the variation in lattice thermal conductivity.     

Solid-state additive manufacturing for metallized optical fiber integration

The formation of smart, Metal Matrix Composite (MMC) structures through the use of solid-state Ultrasonic Additive Manufacturing (UAM) is currently hindered by the fragility of uncoated optical fibers under the required processing conditions. In this work, optical fibers equipped with metallic coatings were fully integrated into solid Aluminum matrices using processing parameter levels not previously possible. The mechanical performance of the resulting manufactured composite structure, as well as the functionality of the integrated fibers, was tested. Optical microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Focused Ion Beam (FIB) analysis were used to characterize the interlaminar and fiber/matrix interfaces whilst mechanical peel testing was used to quantify bond strength. Via the integration of metallized optical fibers it was possible to increase the bond density by 20–22%, increase the composite mechanical strength by 12–29% and create a solid state bond between the metal matrix and fiber coating; whilst maintaining full fiber functionality.